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  The human kidney is a bean-shaped organ that plays a vital role in maintaining the body’s internal balance. Humans normally have two kidneys located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. The main function of the kidneys is to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood, which are then excreted as urine . Each kidney contains about one million tiny filtering units called nephrons . The kidneys also help regulate blood pressure , maintain electrolyte balance , and produce hormones that control red blood cell production . Proper kidney function is essential for removing toxins and keeping the body healthy and balanced. Each kidney is made up of several parts that help in filtering blood and producing urine. 1. Renal Cortex The outer layer of the kidney is called the renal cortex. It contains millions of tiny filtering units called nephrons. Filtration of blood mainly begins in this region. 2. Renal Medulla The inner region of the kidney is known as the...